Common Cat Illnesses

Cats are known for their independence, agility, and mysterious charm, but like all pets, they can develop health issues that require attention. As a responsible cat owner, knowing the most common illnesses your feline might face—and how to address them—can help you keep your pet healthy and happy.

In this guide, we’ll cover the most common illnesses in cats, their causes, symptoms, and effective remedies.

1. Upper Respiratory Infections (Cat Flu)

Overview:

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are like the flu or common cold in humans and are caused by viruses and bacteria. The most common culprits are feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV).

Symptoms:

• Sneezing and nasal discharge
• Runny eyes
• Coughing
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy

Remedies:

• Hydration & Nutrition: Encourage fluid intake and offer soft, warm food to stimulate appetite.
• Steam Therapy: Bring your cat into a steamy bathroom to help clear nasal congestion.
• Vet-Prescribed Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is present, your vet may prescribe antibiotics.
• Vaccination: Prevention is key—ensure your cat receives regular vaccinations.

2. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)

Overview:

FLUTD is a term for a variety of urinary issues, including bladder infections, stones, or even stress-related urinary problems.

Symptoms:

• Frequent urination or straining in the litter box
• Blood in the urine
• Crying out in pain while urinating
• Licking the genital area excessively
• Urinating outside the litter box

Remedies:

• Increase Water Intake: Provide fresh water or add wet food to their diet.
• Change Diet: Low-magnesium foods or prescription urinary health diets can help.
• Reduce Stress: A calm environment, enrichment, and interactive play can help prevent stress-related FLUTD.
• Vet Treatment: A vet may prescribe antibiotics, pain relief, or urinary acidifiers.

3. Feline Obesity

Overview:

Obesity in cats is a growing concern, leading to serious health problems such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease.

Symptoms:

• Excessive weight gain
• Difficulty jumping or moving
• Shortness of breath after mild activity
• Inability to groom properly

Remedies:

• Portion Control: Measure your cat’s food and follow feeding guidelines.
• High-Protein, Low-Carb Diet: Avoid high-carb foods and opt for quality protein sources.
• Increased Activity: Use toys, laser pointers, or cat trees to keep your cat moving.
• Regular Vet Check-Ups: Get professional advice on weight management.

4. Parasites (Fleas, Ticks, & Worms)

Overview:

External and internal parasites are common in cats, especially those who spend time outdoors.

Symptoms:

• Scratching, biting, or excessive grooming (fleas/ticks)
• Weight loss and bloated stomach (worms)
• Black specks in fur (flea dirt)
• Vomiting or diarrhea

Remedies:

• Flea & Tick Treatments: Use vet-approved flea collars, topical treatments, or oral medications.
• Deworming: Regular deworming is essential, especially for outdoor cats.
• Clean Environment: Regularly wash bedding, vacuum carpets, and use flea sprays if needed.

5. Feline Diabetes

Overview:

Diabetes occurs when a cat’s body can’t regulate blood sugar properly, usually due to obesity or genetics.

Symptoms:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Unexplained weight loss
• Increased appetite but loss of muscle
• Lethargy

Remedies:

• Dietary Control: Feed a low-carb, high-protein diet.
• Regular Exercise: Encourage movement with interactive toys.
• Insulin Therapy: Some cats may require insulin shots prescribed by a vet.
• Routine Blood Tests: Monitor glucose levels for early intervention.

6. Kidney Disease

Overview:

Kidney disease is common in senior cats and can be chronic or acute, often caused by aging, toxins, or infections.

Symptoms:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and weight loss
• Bad breath (ammonia-like smell)

Remedies:

• Hydration: Provide wet food and plenty of fresh water.
• Special Diets: Low-protein, low-phosphorus diets slow kidney damage.
• Vet Monitoring: Regular check-ups and medications can help manage symptoms.

7. Dental Disease (Gingivitis & Periodontal Disease)

Overview:

Many cats suffer from dental problems due to plaque buildup, leading to painful infections.

Symptoms:

• Bad breath
• Difficulty eating
• Red or swollen gums
• Excessive drooling

Remedies:

• Regular Brushing: Use a cat-safe toothbrush and toothpaste.
• Dental Treats & Toys: These help reduce plaque.
• Vet Cleanings: Annual dental cleanings prevent severe infections.

8. Hyperthyroidism

Overview:

This condition occurs when a cat’s thyroid gland overproduces hormones, affecting metabolism.

Symptoms:

• Increased appetite but weight loss
• Hyperactivity and restlessness
• Increased thirst and urination
• Vomiting and diarrhea

Remedies:

• Medication: Anti-thyroid drugs like methimazole manage hormone levels.
• Dietary Adjustments: Prescription diets with limited iodine can help.
• Surgery or Radiation Therapy: In severe cases, these treatments may be necessary.

9. Ear Infections

Overview:

Ear infections are usually caused by bacteria, yeast, mites, or allergies.

Symptoms:

• Head shaking or tilting
• Scratching at ears
• Redness or swelling
• Foul odor

Remedies:

• Regular Cleaning: Use a vet-approved ear cleaner.
• Medication: If caused by an infection, antibiotics or antifungal drops may be needed.
• Check for Allergies: Some ear infections stem from food or environmental allergies.

Final Thoughts

Cats are resilient, but they rely on their owners to recognize when something is wrong. The best way to prevent serious illnesses is through regular vet check-ups, a healthy diet, hydration, and good hygiene.

If you notice any unusual symptoms in your cat, don’t wait—seek veterinary care immediately. Early intervention can save your pet’s life and keep them happy for years to come.

Want to learn more about keeping your cat healthy? Stay tuned to Paw Depot’s Pet Blog for more expert pet care tips!